A brain tumour is a growth of abnormal cells in the brain or around it. While the word “tumour” often creates fear, it’s important to understand that not all brain tumours are cancerous. Some are benign (non-cancerous), while others can be malignant (cancerous). Regardless of the type, brain tumours can impact brain function and require timely medical attention.
With increasing cases globally, understanding brain tumours, recognising symptoms early, and supporting research and awareness efforts are crucial for better outcomes.
What Is a Brain Tumour?
A brain tumour is a mass or collection of abnormal cells in the brain. Since the skull is rigid, any tumour in this confined space can cause pressure, affecting brain functions.
Brain tumours are classified into:
- Primary brain tumours – originating in the brain
- Secondary (metastatic) brain tumours – spread to the brain from cancers in other parts of the body
They are also graded based on how fast they grow and their likelihood of spreading.
Types of Brain Tumours
- Benign Tumours
- Non-cancerous
- Slow-growing
- Less likely to spread
- May still cause serious issues if they press on vital brain areas
- Malignant Tumours>
- Cancerous
- Grow rapidly
- Can invade surrounding tissues
- Common Tumour Types
- Gliomas (includes astrocytomas, glioblastomas)
- Meningiomas
- Pituitary adenomas
- Medulloblastomas
- Schwannomas
Each type behaves differently, and treatment varies accordingly.
Common Symptoms of Brain Tumours
Brain tumour symptoms depend on the tumour’s size, location, and growth rate. Common signs include:
- Persistent headaches (often worse in the morning)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Vision or hearing problems
- Seizures
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Memory issues or personality changes
- Speech difficulties
- Numbness or weakness in limbs
If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms persistently, consult a neurologist for a detailed evaluation.
How Is a Brain Tumour Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Neurological exam
- Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans
- Biopsy (if needed) to determine tumour type
- Blood tests to rule out infections or other causes
- Early diagnosis plays a major role in successful treatment and better outcomes.
Treatment Options for Brain Tumours
Brain tumour treatment depends on various factors, including type, location, size, and overall health. Common treatments include:
- Surgery
Often the first line of treatment
Goal: remove as much tumour as safely possible
- Radiation Therapy
Used when surgery is not an option or as follow-up
Helps destroy tumour cells
- Chemotherapy
Drugs used to kill or stop tumour cells from growing
May be oral or intravenous
- Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Emerging options that focus on specific genetic changes or boosting the immune system
- Rehabilitation
Physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy to help regain lost functions
Life After Treatment: Monitoring and Support
Recovery varies from person to person. Regular follow-up scans, emotional support, and rehabilitation are key. Patients and caregivers may benefit from:
- Support groups
- Neuropsychological counselling
- Nutritional guidance
- Palliative care (if required)
World Brain Tumour Day – 8th June
World Brain Tumour Day is observed every year on June 8 to raise awareness about brain tumours, support those affected, and highlight the importance of research.
Started by the German Brain Tumour Association, it reminds us that early detection, proper diagnosis, and support systems can save lives and improve quality of life for patients.
On this day, let us pledge to spread awareness, support research, and be compassionate toward patients and their caregivers.
Preventing Brain Tumours: Is It Possible?
There is no known way to completely prevent brain tumours. However, general steps for brain health include:
- Avoiding exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals
- Wearing helmets to prevent head injuries
- Managing stress and maintaining a healthy lifestyle
- Getting regular check-ups, especially if you have a family history
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1: Are all brain tumours cancerous?
No, not all brain tumours are cancerous. Some are benign and slow-growing, while others are malignant and aggressive.
2: Can mobile phone use cause brain tumours?
Current research shows no conclusive link between mobile phone use and brain tumours, but long-term effects are still being studied.
3: Can children get brain tumours?
Yes, brain tumours can affect children. In fact, they are one of the most common types of childhood cancers.
Final Thoughts
Raising awareness about brain tumours is critical for early diagnosis and better outcomes. With medical advances, many people with brain tumours live fulfilling lives. The key is recognising symptoms early, seeking prompt medical advice, and offering support to those undergoing treatment.
On World Brain Tumour Day, share what you’ve learned. It could save a life.
